Quadrature signal from Quadrus SDR

What is a quadrature signal?

A quadrature signal is a BaseBand (BB) representation of a modulated signal. It contains all of the signal information except for the carrier frequency itself. It is often called the complex envelope or the In-phase and Quadrature-phase (IQ) signal.

http://www.dspguru.com/dsp/tutorials/quadrature-signals In this tutorial, Rick Lyons, the author of the best-selling DSP books Understanding Digital Signal Processing and Streamlining Digital Signal Processing: A Tricks of the Trade Guidebook, clears the fog around this difficult subject by providing the clearest, most intuitive explanation yet of quadrature signals and their importance in Digital Signal Processing (DSP).

http://www.dspguru.com/sites/dspguru/files/QuadSignals.pdf

http://www.ieee.li/pdf/essay/quadrature_signals.pdf

Processing quadrature signals

Signal processing software

Nearly all the signal processing software packages are prepared to handle complex signals – the fundamental representation of radio signals. We’ve selected the well-known SpectrumLab, by Wolf, DL4YHF, to show the quadrature signals originating from the Quadrus SDR platform.

comp

Setting up SpecLab for IQ mode

SDRs with baseband output via audio provide the I and Q sample streams in the L and R channels respectively of the stereo audio stream. To set up a spectrum calculation from the complex samples, one has to turn on the CFFT function.

cfft

Fortunately, SpecLab is already prepared to handle IQ signals from different SDR platforms. We just need to select the appropriate setup from the menu.

dc receiver

Connecting to the Quadrus SDR software

The SRM-3000 is the software package of the Quadrus SDR platform. It has different demodulators including an IQ demodulator, which allows further processing of the quadrature signal itself. The IQ demodulator can be selected from the drop down list.

iq-demod

The In-phase (I) samples will go to the left channel (L) and the Quadrature-phase (Q) samples will go to the right (R) channel of the audio stream. Signal processing applications can be easily connected with a Virtual Audio Connection (VAC). In our case, the IQ signal from the receiver software can be easily directed to the signal processing software. http://spectrafold.hu/quadrus/radio-software/virtual-audio-connection/

iq output

 Sampling rate and spectrum bandwidth

Different audio output rates may be selected in the SRM-3000 SDR receiver software. The audio settings are located on the demodulator panel. Either the audio High-Pass Filter (HPF) or the audio Low-Pass Filter (LPF) can be selected, which are applied on the demodulated signal before it gets routed to the audio out device.

audio-sampling

In our example, we’ve selected the maximum 48 kHz sampling rate. Both the I and Q are sampled with 48 kHz with this setup, which is equivalent to a 96 kHz total sampling rate. That is why the Nyquist bandwidth of the baseband quadrature signal is 48 kHz, and +/-24 kHz of bandwidth is shown on the (complex) spectrum display.

spectrum-display

Quadrature signal on the displays

The receiver IF spectrum display shows the incoming signal. In this example, the SRM-3000 SDR receiver operates the Quadrus SDR platform in +/-50 kHz display mode. CH1 is tuned to the 180 MHz carrier frequency. The incoming signal is about ~11 kHz higher at around 180.010 kHz.

if-spectrum

On the baseband spectrum display of the Spectrum Lab the same spectrum can be seen, however, the bandwidth is only +/-24 kHz corresponding to the 48 kHz sampling rate of the IQ demodulated signal. The IF filter, before the demodulator, was set to 20 kHz bandwidth. This is indicated on the IF spectrum display as well with the two yellow lines. This is the part of the IF signal that will be filtered and fed into the demodulator. The baseband spectrum display shows that the noise level is higher within the +/-20 kHz band, which passed through the IF filter. See this post on the SRM receiver selectivity for more information : http://spectrafold.hu/quadrus/radio-software/sdr-radio-selectivity/

Conclusion

Quadrature signals are used to represent the complex, modulated signals in the baseband, where the carrier frequency is removed from the signal, but all other information is still there. Different types of the demodulation can be run on the IQ baseband signal, including multi-level, multi-phase modulation types. The SRM SDR receiver of the Quadrus SDR platform can provide the IF filtered IQ signals for further processing. We’ve introduced an example how to connect the SRM SDR receiver to an external signal processing software, Spectrum Lab, with a virtual audio cable.

For further information on Quadrus SDR and its performance, visit our BLOG.

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    Surekli gelisen kuresel ortamda, Regulated United Europe cevik ve duyarl? olmaya devam ediyor. Musterilerimizin zaman?n? onurland?rmak, kurumsal, muhasebe ve hukuk hizmetlerini h?zl? bir sekilde sunmak icin verimlilige oncelik veriyoruz. Degiskenligin ortas?nda bir firman?n cevikligi basar?s?n? tan?mlar ve biz mumkun olan en k?sa surede kaliteli hizmet sunmaya kendimizi adad?k. Bu nedenle, tum musterilerimizin sorular?n? birkac saat icinde yan?tlamaya cal?s?yoruz.

  65. Ipinagmamalaki namin ang paglilingkod sa mga kliyenteng may iba’t ibang pinagmulan sa etniko at tinitingnan ang aming misyon bilang pagpapalakas sa kanilang integrasyon sa nangungunang lugar ng negosyo sa Europa. Ang pag-aangkop nang mabilis sa mga pagbabago sa industriya at pag-address sa iba’t ibang mga hamon ay mahalaga sa aming paraan ng pagtrato. Bukod dito, ipinapanatili namin ang mahigpit na propesyonal na etika, naniniwala na ito ay mahalaga para sa mabungang kooperasyon. Ang aming mga serbisyo ay inilalapat upang matugunan ang mga partikular na pangangailangan ng mga internasyonal na kliyente at maaaring dagdagan pa sa pamamagitan ng indibidwal na kahilingan.
    Dinamika
    Sa patuloy na nagbabagong global na tanawin, nananatiling maigting at maagap ang Regulated United Europe. Binibigyang-prioridad namin ang kahusayan upang pahalagahan ang oras ng aming mga kliyente, na nagbibigay ng mga korporatibong, accounting, at legal na serbisyo nang agaran. Sa gitna ng kawalan ng katiyakan, ang kakayahan ng isang kumpanya na maging maigting ang nagtatakda ng kanyang tagumpay, at kami ay nakatuon sa pagbibigay ng serbisyo ng mataas na kalidad sa pinakamaikling panahon. Samakatuwid, sinusikap naming tugunan ang lahat ng mga katanungan ng kliyente sa loob lamang ng ilang oras.

  66. The Czech Republic offers unique opportunities for manufacturing and export-oriented businesses due to its central position in Europe and strong industrial base. The country has a stable economy, low levels of corruption and maintains a healthy business environment with access to a large and solvent domestic market. The Czech Republic also offers relatively low operating costs and a well-developed infrastructure, making it attractive to various types of businesses.
    Conclusion: Estonia, Lithuania, Ireland and the Czech Republic represent the four most attractive countries in Europe for foreigners to start a business. They offer a variety of economic and strategic advantages, including low taxes, a high degree of innovation, access to international markets and a supportive business environment. Choosing the right country depends on the specific goals and needs of your business.

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  68. Die Fintech-Anwalte und Finanzberater von RUE (Regulated United Europe) haben einen Blog erstellt, in dem sie die neuesten Anderungen in der Gesetzgebung der europaischen Lander im Bereich Kryptowahrung und VASP (Virtual Asset Service Provider) veroffentlichen, um allen, die sich fur die Kryptowahrungsgesetzgebung in Europa interessieren, einen Uberblick zu geben. Wir stutzen unsere Artikel auf Themen, die fur die heutigen Unternehmer, die im Bereich der Kryptowahrung, Fintech-Projekte, Blockchain und IT-bezogenen Unternehmen arbeiten, wichtig sind. Wenn Sie die Informationen, die Sie interessieren, in unserem Blog nicht finden konnen, kontaktieren Sie uns bitte auf bequeme Art und Weise.

  69. Regulated United Europe e costantemente impegnata a migliorare le proprie prestazioni e il livello dei servizi forniti, sulla base del feedback costante dei clienti e dell’acquisizione delle esigenze del mercato per i servizi legali in vari paesi europei. Anche il tempo di risposta alle richieste/e-mail dei clienti e ridotto al minimo.
    Per quanto riguarda i prezzi, Regulated United Europe sta cercando di adattarsi alle esigenze dei clienti fornendo un prezzo fisso per la maggior parte dei servizi legali forniti, nonostante il fatto che nella maggior parte Vengono applicate principalmente le spese legali orarie nei paesi europei.
    Forniamo consulenza legale e supporto quotidiano ai nostri clienti in ogni fase della realizzazione del loro progetto. Soluzioni complesse sono sviluppate da un team di avvocati esperti individualmente per ciascun cliente.

  70. The agreement allows for the exchange of information between other EU countries and Cyprus, even if the information is not required for tax purposes of these countries. However, the country from which the information is requested is not obliged to provide the information if it is a violation of the law or public interest of that country. It is also not allowed to request information that is not publicly available in that country.
    It should be noted that the Cypriot tax authorities in most cases do not have information on the beneficiaries of private companies or any other information material. For these reasons, Cypriot companies registered through nominees and information about the real owners is confidential.
    In this regard, persons whose information is withheld must be properly accumulated in the files of the registration agents. Professional secrecy cannot be used as an excuse for not providing information about these persons.
    However, the conditions under which professional secrecy may be lifted will depend on state law. Thus, disclosure will not be a simple automatic administrative procedure, but will require the intervention of local government officials.
    Opening a company in Cyprus can be a powerful step to expand your business and explore new markets. Because of its unique advantages, Cyprus offers great opportunities for growth and success in international business. However, success depends on careful planning, an understanding of the local business culture and effective resource management.

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